Tuesday, 11 August 2026
Exploration · Mixed

A metallurgical note on Busia: why recovery, not grade, decides these projects

Free-milling near surface, refractory at depth. That transition has ended more East African projects than any grade disappointment.

By Dr Ibrahim WekesaContributing Geologist, East Africa6 min read

The geological setting

The Busia and Busitema area sits within Archaean greenstone rocks continuous with the Kenyan and Tanzanian craton margin. Mineralisation is typically associated with quartz veining and sulphide zones, worked at surface by artisanal miners for a century.

Where the economics turn

Oxidised near-surface material is usually free-milling and recovers well through gravity and simple cyanidation. Below the oxide boundary, sulphide association raises the prospect of refractory ore requiring roasting or pressure oxidation, which changes the capital estimate by an order of magnitude.

Any project economics built entirely on oxide recovery assumptions carry an unpriced step change at depth. Ask for variability testwork across the transition, not composite averages.

What to demand from a technical report

Bottle roll and comminution data by domain, sulphide sulphur assays, and a stated position on where the oxide base sits. Reports that present a single recovery figure for the whole deposit are describing an ambition, not a flowsheet.

Sources
More from AurumPivot